![]() Indications: Ultrasound has been widely used in the treatment of various soft tissue disorders including bursitis, tendinitis, degenerative arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, contractures, and promotes wound healing.The non-thermal effects of ultrasound may improve repair of soft tissue injury, the inflammatory response, protein synthesis, and modulate membrane properties. The physiologic effects of ultrasound can be divided into thermal (heat) and non-thermal effects (cavitation, acoustic streaming, and standing waves). Physiologic effects: Same as superficial heat.SWD and MWD convert electromagnetic energy to thermal energy. The ultrasound machine converts electrical energy into acoustic energy via the piezoelectric effect. Transfer method: Same as superficial heat but deeper penetration.Heat penetration can be 3-5 cm or more without overheating underlying subcutaneous tissue or skin. Ultrasound is however the most used deep heating agent. Deep heat modalities include ultrasound, shortwave diathermy (SWD) and microwave diathermy (MWD).Therapeutic-Modalities-Table-1-Summary-of-Superficial-Heat-Modalities Download Deep Heat Contraindications: patients with peripheral vascular disease, bleeding disorders, local malignancy, acute inflammation or trauma, edema, infection, open wounds, over large scars, patients with impaired sensation (neuropathy) or impaired ability to communicate/cognitive impairments (dementia or dysphasia).Indications: Heat is usually used for subacute to chronic conditions, and can reduce pain and muscle spasm, relax skeletal muscles, and decrease joint stiffness.2 Heat increases blood flow and subsequently may induce edema and exacerbate acute inflammation. ![]() Physiologic effects: Thermal energy (high temperature heat) provides pain relief, increase in local blood flow, metabolism, and elasticity of connective tissues.Conversion is changing of one energy form into another (example: ultrasound, radiant heat). ![]() Convection is transfer of heat by fluid circulation (liquid or gas) over the surface of a body (example: fluidotherapy).
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